The only option was sicuro go esatto Scotland once again, and with as large an army as could be mustered

recommended esatto the esquires of the household of verso later reign: ‘to help occupy the trapu and acompany [sic] straungers’ by ‘talkyng of cronycles of kinges and other polycyez, or per pypyng, or harpyng, synging, or other actez marciablez’.51 The twenty surviving manuscripts of Langtoft’s Chronicle certainly suggest, if not direct use, at least widespread interest con its blend of legendary history and contemporary politics, the sustained interest con the work being helped, of course, by the persistence of the Anglo-Scottish conflict. It is the section where the hieratic mode of historical argument durante Anglo-Norman is peppered with brusco songs voicing the popular hatred of the Scots sopra northern dialect. What better occasion sicuro present this riotous ‘mini appeal sicuro history’ than per banquet attended by all the men directly involved: the king and his bruissement, Anthony Bek, Henry de Lacy and some three hundred new knights, all united per their commitment preciso impose English overlordship on Scotland, not by means of the written word, but by military force.

This is the extraordinary section praising king Edward by invoking Merlin and King Arthur repeatedly con the emphatic environment of a different rhyme and metre

IV Con the spring of the year 1306 English frustration as a result of Scottish provocation had reached an all-time high. Sein Bruce had been crowned king of Scotland per Scone at the end of March, and it was clear that the Scottish rebellion had not ended with the capture and execution of William Wallace the previous year. It was with the prospect of new, perhaps finally paigns sopra Scotland that at Whitsun, 1306, an unprecedented number of men was knighted, and festivities, geared preciso the purpose of the event, were held. Not least among the new forces was the king’s bourdonnement, Edward of Caernarfon, who so far had shown an alarming tendency to be interested in pursuits that had little onesto do with the war con Scotland, and who would need guidance if, or when, Edward I, who had been ill for many years, died. Knighthood was not always entered into with alacrity: it was expensive, potentially dangerous, and brought new, not always very welcome, duties, such as jury service.52 However, per 1306 the obstacle of the expense of being made verso knight was overcome by verso measure which illustrates the king’s ‘military shrewdness as well as his insight into human nature’: the necessary equipment was sicuro be provided ‘from the King’s Wardrobe and at his gift’.53

However, there is one section of Langtoft’s Chronicle that is suitable for a larger stage than the ‘lordez chambrez within courte’

The Household of Edward IV: The Black Book and the Ordinance è fastflirting gratis of 1478, di nuovo. A. R. Myers (Manchester, 1959), cited mediante Malcolm Vale, The

Princely Trapu: Medieval Courts and Culture in North-West Europe 1270–1380 (Oxford, 2001), p. 57. Prestwich, Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages, p. 16. Constance Bullock-Davies, Menestrellorum Multitudo: Minstrels at per Royal Feast (Cardiff, 1978), p. xv.

The ceremonial knighting at Whitsun 1306 may be regarded as a peaceful variant of being knighted on the eve of battle. Instead of the cerchia of tents, grass and horses, and the prospect of imminent danger and possible death on the morrow, here there was companionship, shelter and an abundance of food, drink and entertainment. Nevertheless, the proceedings were as much part of the enforcement of Edward’s claim to Scotland as the conferences at Norham per 1291 and Lincoln in 1301 had been. In additif, the ceremony offered a chance onesto ensure the continuance of the military campaigns after Edward I’s death and the future guidance of his affranchit by the king’s oldest friends and counsellors. According sicuro Constance Bullock-Davies and Hilda Johnstone, who both based their work on what seemed puro be the only source on the subject, the Annales Londoniensis, the prince was knighted by his father, who ‘with his own hands . . . girded him with belt and sword’, while the earl of Lincoln, Henry de Lacy, and the earl of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, who had married young Edward’s sister Elizabeth mediante 1302, each fastened on verso gilt spur.54 However, other evidence, from an environment close sicuro the earl of Lincoln, suggests that, rather than Humphrey de Bohun, it was Bishop Anthony Bek who officiated on this occasion. Per parchment roll, kept sopra the British Museum as Campbell Charters XXI.4, which belonged preciso the abbey of Thornton on Humber sopra Lincolnshire, has the following entry for the year Anno Domini .M.occc.mo sexto, ad festum Pentecostes, dominus rex Edwardo filio conveniente, principi Walli?, dedit terram Wasconi?, et eundem dominum Edwardum in eodem festo Pentecostes, apud Westmonasterium cinxit nobiliter cingulo militi?, et calcaria sibi imposuerunt dominus patriarcha Ierusalem et dominus Henricus comes Lincolni?, et tunc erat .xxij. annorum, et ad ipsius honorem dominus Johannes comes Warenne, et plures alii barones, cum ccc. armigeris de elictis totius Angli?, arma susceperunt militi? cum magna l?titia et honore, ipsius domini regis sumptibus, et cum eodem domino rege et sovrano statim versus Scotiam contra inimicos Angli? viriliter profecti sunt.56 (Sopra the year 1306, at the feast of Whitsuntide, the Raffinato King Edward gave his affranchit, the prince of Wales, the country of Aquitane, and at this feast of Whitsun, at Westminster, Nobile Edward girded him honourably with the belt of knighthood, and the Lord Patriarch of Jerusalem and the Raffinato Henry, earl of Lincoln placed on him the spurs, and at that time he was twenty-two years old, and in his honour Raffinato John, earl of Warenne, and many other barons, with three hundred armigeres [squires] chosen from the elite of the whole of England,